Table 1 Depression in RA patients analyzed by demographic characteristics
Characteristics | Overall, N (%) | No depression, N (%) | Mild depression, N (%) | Moderate to severe depression, N (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | 500 | 324 (65) | 118 (24) | 58 (11) | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 54.28 ± 10.02 | 56.04 ± 9.91 | 51.57 ± 10.02 | 49.93 ± 9.59 | <0.001 |
≤ 50 years | 178 (36) | 94 (29) | 53 (45) | 31 (54) | |
51–60 years | 196 (39) | 130 (40) | 45 (38) | 21 (36) | |
> 60 years | 126 (25) | 100 (31) | 20 (17) | 6 (10) | |
Gender | 0.036 | ||||
Male | 163 (33) | 118 (37) | 28 (24) | 17 (29) | |
Female | 337 (67) | 206 (64) | 90 (76) | 41 (71) | |
Marital status | 0.004 | ||||
Single | 97 (19) | 49 (15) | 34 (29) | 14 (24) | |
Married | 403 (81) | 275 (85) | 84 (71) | 44 (76) | |
Highest Education | 0.109 | ||||
High school or less | 180 (36) | 107 (33) | 47 (40) | 26 (44) | |
College | 120 (24) | 74 (23) | 30 (25) | 16 (28) | |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 200 (40) | 143 (44) | 41 (35) | 16 (28) | |
Occupation | 0.141 | ||||
Full-time | 164 (33) | 112 (34) | 36 (30) | 16 (28) | |
Part-time | 78 (16) | 43 (13) | 26 (22) | 9 (15) | |
Self-employed | 37 (7) | 28 (9) | 6 (5) | 3 (5) | |
Housewife | 141 (28) | 89 (27) | 33 (28) | 19 (33) | |
Retired | 20 (4) | 18 (6) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
Unemployed | 57 (11) | 32 (10) | 16 (14) | 9 (15) | |
Other | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
Region | |||||
Hokkaido | 26 (5) | 15 (5) | 4 (3) | 7 (12) | 0.038 |
Tohoku | 23 (5) | 17 (5) | 4 (3) | 2 (3) | 0.645 |
Kanto | 230 (46) | 147 (45) | 53 (46) | 30 (52) | 0.646 |
Chubu | 63 (13) | 45 (14) | 10 (8) | 8 (14) | 0.303 |
Kansai | 95 (19) | 58 (18) | 30 (25) | 7 (12) | 0.073 |
Chugoku | 21 (4) | 14 (4) | 7 (6) | 0 (0) | 0.180 |
Shikoku | 11 (2) | 6 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (5) | 0.259 |
Kyushu | 31 (6) | 22 (7) | 8 (7) | 1 (2) | 0.323 |
Annual individual income | |||||
< 3.7 M Yen | 286 (57) | 173 (53) | 73 (62) | 40 (69) | 0.272 |
3.7–7.7 M Yen | 105 (21) | 74 (23) | 22 (19) | 9 (15) | |
> 7.7 M Yen | 45 (9) | 34 (11) | 7 (6) | 4 (7) | |
I don’t know | 64 (13) | 43 (13) | 16 (13) | 5 (9) | |
Time since diagnosis (mean ± SD) | 10.67 ± 8.63 | 10.45 ± 8.99 | 11.07 ± 8.07 | 11.12 ± 7.63 | 0.242 |
≤ 5 years | 165 (33) | 111 (34) | 38 (32) | 16 (28) | |
6–10 years | 146 (29) | 101 (31) | 27 (23) | 18 (31) | |
> 10 years | 189 (38) | 112 (35) | 53 (45) | 24 (41) | |
Current Medication | |||||
Painkillers (NSAIDs/oral pain medication) | 80 (16) | 39 (12) | 27 (23) | 14 (24) | 0.005 |
Steroid | 110 (22) | 66 (20) | 29 (25) | 15 (26) | 0.481 |
DMARDs | 0.112 | ||||
csDMARDs | 329 (66) | 214 (66) | 79 (67) | 36 (62) | |
csDMARDs + biologic agent | 113 (23) | 65 (20) | 30 (25) | 18 (31) | |
Biologic agent | 58 (12) | 45 (14) | 9 (8) | 4 (7) | |
Functional impairment | |||||
J-HAQ score (mean ± SD) | 0.40 ± 0.81 | 0.26 ± 0.55 | 0.52 ± 0.78 | 0.98 ± 1.50 | <0.001 |
Comorbidity with depression | |||||
Depression | 25 (5) | 7 (2) | 6 (5) | 12 (21) | <0.001 |
Comorbidity other than depression | |||||
Hypertension | 79 (16) | 52 (16) | 16 (14) | 11 (19) | 0.638 |
High cholesterol | 42 (8) | 24 (7) | 11 (9) | 7 (12) | 0.458 |
Diabetes | 26 (5) | 15 (5) | 10 (9) | 1 (2) | 0.122 |
Migraines | 11 (2) | 0 (0) | 5 (4) | 6 (10) | <0.001 |
Heart condition | 8 (2) | 3 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (5) | 0.060 |
Anxiety | 8 (2) | 3 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (5) | 0.060 |