Table 2 Determinants of depression among RA patients
Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
ORs (95%CI) | P-value | ORs (95%CI) | P-value | |
Age | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | 0.001 |
Gender (Reference: Male) | ||||
Female | 1.59 (1.07–2.38) | 0.023 | 0.86 (0.49–1.51) | 0.599 |
Marital status (Reference: Single) | ||||
Married | 0.52 (0.34–0.80) | 0.003 | 0.68 (0.40–1.17) | 0.168 |
Highest Education (Reference: High school or less) | ||||
College | 0.91 (0.51–1.47) | 0.690 | 0.89 (0.53–1.47) | 0.639 |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 0.57 (0.38–0.87) | 0.010 | 0.61 (0.38–1.00) | 0.050 |
Occupation (Reference: Full-time) | ||||
Part-time | 1.63 (0.96–2.78) | 0.072 | 1.26 (0.68–2.35) | 0.459 |
Self-employed | 0.70 (0.31–1.58) | 0.396 | 0.85 (0.35–2.06) | 0.725 |
Housewife | 1.28 (0.81–2.05) | 0.289 | 1.09 (0.59–2.00) | 0.781 |
Retired | 0.25 (0.06–1.10) | 0.067 | 0.46 (0.94–2.30) | 0.348 |
Unemployed | 1.69 (0.93–3.08) | 0.086 | 1.14 (0.55–2.37) | 0.728 |
Other | 1.60 (0.12–19.85) | 0.715 | 1.48 (0.08–25.86) | 0.787 |
Region | ||||
Hokkaido | 1.71 (0.77–3.21) | 0.212 | ||
Tohoku | 0.64 (0.25–1.65) | 0.361 | ||
Kanto | 1.10 (0.77–1.59) | 0.584 | ||
Chubu | 0.75 (0.42–1.34) | 0.333 | ||
Kansai | 1.09 (0.70–1.71) | 0.692 | ||
Chugoku | 0.79 (0.32–1.92) | 0.600 | ||
Shikoku | 1.88 (0.57–6.19) | 0.296 | ||
Kyushu | 0.68 (0.31–1.48) | 0.336 | ||
Annual individual income (Reference <3.7 M Yen) | ||||
3.7–7.7 M Yen | 0.63 (0.39–1.01) | 0.058 | 0.78 (0.46–1.34) | 0.058 |
> 7.7 M Yen | 0.50 (0.24–1.03) | 0.059 | 0.75 (0.31–1.79) | 0.059 |
Time since diagnosis (Reference: ≤5 years) | ||||
6–10 years | 0.96 (0.60–1.54) | 0.872 | 0.99 (0.59–1.65) | 0.964 |
> 10 years | 1.40 (0.91–2.13) | 0.124 | 1.13 (0.69–1.87) | 0.624 |
J-HAQ score | 2.01 (1.59–2.53) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.40–2.48) | <0.001 |
Comorbidity | ||||
Hypertension | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.986 | ||
High cholesterol | 1.46 (0.78–2.72) | 0.233 | ||
Diabetes | 1.15 (0.54–2.45) | 0.716 | ||
Migraines | 13.23 (4.29–40.81) | <0.001 | 9.27 (0.99–32.19) | 0.087 |
Heart condition | 3.84 (1.01–14.61) | 0.048 | 4.18 (0.95–18.30) | 0.058 |
Anxiety | 3.84 (1.01–14.61) | 0.048 | 2.20 (0.47–10.27) | 0.317 |
Current medication | ||||
Pain killer (NSAIDs/oral pain medication) | 2.11 (1.34–3.34) | 0.001 | 1.60 (0.94–2.72) | 0.084 |
Steroid | 1.30 (0.85–1.98) | 0.228 | ||
DMARDs (Reference: csDMARDs) | ||||
csDMARDs + biologic agent | 1.40 (0.92–2.15) | 0.117 | 0.82 (0.49–1.37) | 0.459 |
Biologic agent | 0.54 (0.28–1.05) | 0.067 | 0.36 (0.17–0.75) | 0.007 |