From: Incident gout and chronic Kidney Disease: healthcare utilization and survival
 | At diagnosisc | Year from diagnosisd | Unit Change in Healthcare Utilization Per Year (95% CI)e,f | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
AGE 25–54 YEARS | |||||||
 Number of patients | 3537 | 3537 | 3498 | 3443 | 3408 | 3370 |  |
  % Follow-up without CKD | 3272 | 100.0% | 98.9% | 97.6% | 96.6% | 95.6% |  |
  % Follow-up with CKD | 265 | 100.0% | 98.9% | 94.7% | 93.8% | 91.5% |  |
 Average annual total number | |||||||
  General healthcare utilization | |||||||
   General practitioner visits | |||||||
    Without CKD | 7.1 ± 8.0 | 10.3 ± 9.5 | 9.6 ± 9.1 | 10.0 ± 9.2 | 10.3 ± 9.2 | 10.5 ± 9.3 | 0.03 (− 0.5–0.10) |
    With CKD | 15.0 ± 11.6 | 18.3 ± 14.1 | 17.1 ± 12.7 | 17.5 ± 13.7 | 17.4 ± 14.2 | 17.7 ± 13.7 | |
   Specialist visitsa | |||||||
    Without CKD | 0.51 ± 1.25 | 0.83 ± 1.63 | 0.60 ± 1.57 | 0.59 ± 1.38 | 0.58 ± 1.40 | 0.58 ± 1.41 | −0.09 (− 0.11– − 0.07) |
    With CKD | 0.67 ± 1.44 | 0.80 ± 1.42 | 0.52 ± 1.26 | 0.55 ± 1.12 | 0.50 ± 1.14 | 0.43 ± 0.93 | |
   Hospital admissions | |||||||
    Without CKD | 0.13 ± 0.55 | 0.24 ± 0.75 | 0.19 ± 0.72 | 0.18 ± 0.74 | 0.19 ± 0.67 | 0.19 ± 0.67 | −0.05 (− 0.08– − 0.02) |
    With CKD | 0.51 ± 1.21 | 0.81 ± 1.82 | 0.70 ± 1.45 | 0.60 ± 1.33 | 0.58 ± 1.26 | 0.57 ± 1.33 | |
   Imaging useb | |||||||
    Without CKD | 1.03 ± 1.97 | 1.23 ± 2.24 | 0.95 ± 2.08 | 0.93 ± 2.04 | 0.95 ± 2.12 | 0.95 ± 2.09 | −0.08 (− 0.10– − 0.07) |
    With CKD | 1.99 ± 3.33 | 2.63 ± 4.25 | 1.93 ± 3.92 | 1.55 ± 3.15 | 1.52 ± 2.99 | 2.07 ± 4.36 | |
  Gout-related healthcare utilization | |||||||
 Allopurinol purchase months | |||||||
  Without CKD | 0.40 ± 1.59 | 1.64 ± 3.07 | 1.64 ± 3.22 | 1.85 ± 3.42 | 1.94 ± 3.51 | 2.17 ± 3.70 | 0.13 (0.10–0.16) |
  With CKD | 1.14 ± 2.68 | 3.49 ± 4.15 | 3.67 ± 4.24 | 3.92 ± 4.27 | 4.00 ± 4.39 | 4.36 ± 4.61 | |
 Serum uric acid testing | |||||||
  Without CKD | 0.91 ± 1.24 | 1.49 ± 1.59 | 1.04 ± 1.46 | 1.10 ± 2.25 | 1.16 ± 3.84 | 1.18 ± 2.88 | −0.04 (−0.06– −0.02) |
  With CKD | 3.20 ± 4.70 | 4.02 ± 7.15 | 3.64 ± 6.32 | 3.79 ± 8.98 | 3.41 ± 5.76 | 3.95 ± 7.58 | |
AGE 55+ YEARS | |||||||
 Number of patients | 9403 | 9403 | 8674 | 8181 | 7675 | 7231 |  |
  % Follow-up without CKD | 5012 | 100.0% | 96.1% | 93.4% | 90.2% | 87.6% |  |
  % Follow-up with CKD | 4391 | 100.0% | 87.9% | 79.7% | 71.8% | 64.7% |  |
 Average annual total number | |||||||
  General healthcare utilization | |||||||
   General practitioner visits | |||||||
    Without CKD | 12.8 ± 11.3 | 16.1 ± 12.4 | 15.9 ± 12.2 | 16.3 ± 12.4 | 16.6 ± 12.7 | 16.5 ± 12.6 | −0.79 (−0.88 – −0.70) |
    With CKD | 18.4 ± 14.5 | 21.1 ± 15.5 | 20.8 ± 14.8 | 21.0 ± 15.2 | 20.8 ± 15.0 | 20.6 ± 15.2 | −0.34 (− 0.48 – − 0.20) |
   Specialist visitsa | |||||||
    Without CKD | 0.72 ± 1.50 | 0.88 ± 1.64 | 0.73 ± 1.50 | 0.71 ± 1.49 | 0.69 ± 1.44 | 0.64 ± 1.34 | −0.04 (− 0.05 – − 0.03) |
    With CKD | 0.69 ± 1.47 | 0.82 ± 1.58 | 0.67 ± 1.40 | 0.65 ± 1.42 | 0.63 ± 1.39 | 0.59 ± 1.33 | −0.11 (− 0.13 – − 0.09) |
   Hospital admissions | |||||||
    Without CKD | 0.29 ± 0.78 | 0.58 ± 1.23 | 0.44 ± 1.04 | 0.44 ± 1.03 | 0.43 ± 1.08 | 0.43 ± 1.04 | −0.03 (− 0.04 – − 0.02) |
    With CKD | 0.46 ± 1.11 | 0.84 ± 1.55 | 0.64 ± 1.33 | 0.63 ± 1.35 | 0.62 ± 1.37 | 0.61 ± 1.33 | |
   Imaging useb | |||||||
    Without CKD | 1.71 ± 2.95 | 2.14 ± 3.40 | 1.70 ± 3.06 | 1.57 ± 2.82 | 1.50 ± 2.82 | 1.52 ± 2.84 | −0.07 (− 0.09 – − 0.06) |
    With CKD | 2.01 ± 3.30 | 2.46 ± 3.93 | 1.86 ± 3.38 | 1.67 ± 3.17 | 1.54 ± 3.03 | 1.45 ± 2.93 | |
  Gout-related healthcare utilization | |||||||
 Allopurinol purchase months | |||||||
  Without CKD | 0.79 ± 2.49 | 2.20 ± 3.77 | 2.33 ± 3.97 | 2.51 ± 4.11 | 2.75 ± 4.26 | 2.97 ± 4.48 | −0.15 (−0.17 – − 0.12) |
  With CKD | 0.98 ± 2.72 | 2.71 ± 4.05 | 2.86 ± 4.26 | 3.02 ± 4.35 | 3.19 ± 4.43 | 3.39 ± 4.63 | 0.03 (−0.03–0.05) |
 Serum uric acid testing | |||||||
  Without CKD | 1.37 ± 2.02 | 2.11 ± 3.50 | 1.76 ± 3.64 | 1.68 ± 2.36 | 1.73 ± 2.59 | 1.80 ± 2.80 | −0.03 (− 0.04– − 0.02) |
  With CKD | 2.02 ± 2.94 | 2.86 ± 4.23 | 2.42 ± 4.07 | 2.31 ± 3.46 | 2.32 ± 3.54 | 2.34 ± 3.69 |