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Table 2 Average annual healthcare utilization among gout patients with and without CKD by age group

From: Incident gout and chronic Kidney Disease: healthcare utilization and survival

 

At diagnosisc

Year from diagnosisd

Unit Change in Healthcare Utilization Per Year (95% CI)e,f

1

2

3

4

5

AGE 25–54 YEARS

 Number of patients

3537

3537

3498

3443

3408

3370

 

  % Follow-up without CKD

3272

100.0%

98.9%

97.6%

96.6%

95.6%

 

  % Follow-up with CKD

265

100.0%

98.9%

94.7%

93.8%

91.5%

 

 Average annual total number

  General healthcare utilization

   General practitioner visits

    Without CKD

7.1 ± 8.0

10.3 ± 9.5

9.6 ± 9.1

10.0 ± 9.2

10.3 ± 9.2

10.5 ± 9.3

0.03 (− 0.5–0.10)

    With CKD

15.0 ± 11.6

18.3 ± 14.1

17.1 ± 12.7

17.5 ± 13.7

17.4 ± 14.2

17.7 ± 13.7

   Specialist visitsa

    Without CKD

0.51 ± 1.25

0.83 ± 1.63

0.60 ± 1.57

0.59 ± 1.38

0.58 ± 1.40

0.58 ± 1.41

−0.09 (− 0.11– − 0.07)

    With CKD

0.67 ± 1.44

0.80 ± 1.42

0.52 ± 1.26

0.55 ± 1.12

0.50 ± 1.14

0.43 ± 0.93

   Hospital admissions

    Without CKD

0.13 ± 0.55

0.24 ± 0.75

0.19 ± 0.72

0.18 ± 0.74

0.19 ± 0.67

0.19 ± 0.67

−0.05 (− 0.08– − 0.02)

    With CKD

0.51 ± 1.21

0.81 ± 1.82

0.70 ± 1.45

0.60 ± 1.33

0.58 ± 1.26

0.57 ± 1.33

   Imaging useb

    Without CKD

1.03 ± 1.97

1.23 ± 2.24

0.95 ± 2.08

0.93 ± 2.04

0.95 ± 2.12

0.95 ± 2.09

−0.08 (− 0.10– − 0.07)

    With CKD

1.99 ± 3.33

2.63 ± 4.25

1.93 ± 3.92

1.55 ± 3.15

1.52 ± 2.99

2.07 ± 4.36

  Gout-related healthcare utilization

 Allopurinol purchase months

  Without CKD

0.40 ± 1.59

1.64 ± 3.07

1.64 ± 3.22

1.85 ± 3.42

1.94 ± 3.51

2.17 ± 3.70

0.13 (0.10–0.16)

  With CKD

1.14 ± 2.68

3.49 ± 4.15

3.67 ± 4.24

3.92 ± 4.27

4.00 ± 4.39

4.36 ± 4.61

 Serum uric acid testing

  Without CKD

0.91 ± 1.24

1.49 ± 1.59

1.04 ± 1.46

1.10 ± 2.25

1.16 ± 3.84

1.18 ± 2.88

−0.04 (−0.06– −0.02)

  With CKD

3.20 ± 4.70

4.02 ± 7.15

3.64 ± 6.32

3.79 ± 8.98

3.41 ± 5.76

3.95 ± 7.58

AGE 55+ YEARS

 Number of patients

9403

9403

8674

8181

7675

7231

 

  % Follow-up without CKD

5012

100.0%

96.1%

93.4%

90.2%

87.6%

 

  % Follow-up with CKD

4391

100.0%

87.9%

79.7%

71.8%

64.7%

 

 Average annual total number

  General healthcare utilization

   General practitioner visits

    Without CKD

12.8 ± 11.3

16.1 ± 12.4

15.9 ± 12.2

16.3 ± 12.4

16.6 ± 12.7

16.5 ± 12.6

−0.79 (−0.88 – −0.70)

    With CKD

18.4 ± 14.5

21.1 ± 15.5

20.8 ± 14.8

21.0 ± 15.2

20.8 ± 15.0

20.6 ± 15.2

−0.34 (− 0.48 – − 0.20)

   Specialist visitsa

    Without CKD

0.72 ± 1.50

0.88 ± 1.64

0.73 ± 1.50

0.71 ± 1.49

0.69 ± 1.44

0.64 ± 1.34

−0.04 (− 0.05 – − 0.03)

    With CKD

0.69 ± 1.47

0.82 ± 1.58

0.67 ± 1.40

0.65 ± 1.42

0.63 ± 1.39

0.59 ± 1.33

−0.11 (− 0.13 – − 0.09)

   Hospital admissions

    Without CKD

0.29 ± 0.78

0.58 ± 1.23

0.44 ± 1.04

0.44 ± 1.03

0.43 ± 1.08

0.43 ± 1.04

−0.03 (− 0.04 – − 0.02)

    With CKD

0.46 ± 1.11

0.84 ± 1.55

0.64 ± 1.33

0.63 ± 1.35

0.62 ± 1.37

0.61 ± 1.33

   Imaging useb

    Without CKD

1.71 ± 2.95

2.14 ± 3.40

1.70 ± 3.06

1.57 ± 2.82

1.50 ± 2.82

1.52 ± 2.84

−0.07 (− 0.09 – − 0.06)

    With CKD

2.01 ± 3.30

2.46 ± 3.93

1.86 ± 3.38

1.67 ± 3.17

1.54 ± 3.03

1.45 ± 2.93

  Gout-related healthcare utilization

 Allopurinol purchase months

  Without CKD

0.79 ± 2.49

2.20 ± 3.77

2.33 ± 3.97

2.51 ± 4.11

2.75 ± 4.26

2.97 ± 4.48

−0.15 (−0.17 – − 0.12)

  With CKD

0.98 ± 2.72

2.71 ± 4.05

2.86 ± 4.26

3.02 ± 4.35

3.19 ± 4.43

3.39 ± 4.63

0.03 (−0.03–0.05)

 Serum uric acid testing

  Without CKD

1.37 ± 2.02

2.11 ± 3.50

1.76 ± 3.64

1.68 ± 2.36

1.73 ± 2.59

1.80 ± 2.80

−0.03 (− 0.04– − 0.02)

  With CKD

2.02 ± 2.94

2.86 ± 4.23

2.42 ± 4.07

2.31 ± 3.46

2.32 ± 3.54

2.34 ± 3.69

  1. Note: CKD = chronic kidney disease
  2. aSpecialists include rheumatologist or orthopedist
  3. bImaging use includes x-ray, CT, ultrasound or MRI
  4. cData were collected during the year prior to diagnosis
  5. dGroup differences were significant for all models at p < 0.001
  6. eA single rate of change is presented when there is no statistically significant difference in change over time by group
  7. fAll changes in rates from year 1 to year 5 were statistically significant at p < 0.05 with the exception of patients 25–54 years and general practitioner visits