Table 2 Differential diagnosis of retinal vasculitis (diagnoses grouped by type and listed in order of frequency, those in italics are associated with retinal vasculitis so infrequently that publications are limited to case reports or very small case series [1])

Behçet’s disease [2]

Cytomegalovirus [1]

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy [1]

Sarcoidosis [1, 3]

Herpes simplex virus [1]

Idiopathic Retinal Vasculitis, Aneurysms and Neuroretinitis (IRVAN) [1]

Crohn’s Disease [1]

Herpes zoster virus [1]

Eales Disease [1]

Multiple sclerosis [1]

Syphillis [1]

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome [4]

Systemic lupus erythematosus [1]

Tuberculosis [1]

Pars Planitis [1]

HLA-B*27 Associated [5]

Bartonella infections [6]

Retinal Arteriolitis [7]

Susac’s Syndrome [8]

Coccidioidomycosis [9]

Sympathetic ophthalmia [10]

Vasculopathy associated with antiphospholipid syndrome [11]

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [12, 13]

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) [1]

Candidiasis [14]

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) [1]

Brucellosis [15]

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) [16]

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) [17, 18]

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) [1]

Leptospirosis [19]

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) [20]

Rickettsia [21]

Primary angiitis of the CNS [22]

Tropheryma Whipplei (Whipples Disease) [23]

Toxocariasis [24]

Toxoplasmosis [25]