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Table 1 Baseline characteristics by diabetes mellitus status and ever use of glucocorticoids during follow-up (Nā€‰=ā€‰9085)

From: The effect of glucocorticoid therapy on mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant type II diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

Ā 

DM at baseline

No DM at baseline

DM during FUa

All subjects

Never users

Ever users

All subjects

Never users

Ever users

All subjects

Never users

Ever users

Nā€‰=ā€‰1034

Nā€‰=ā€‰512

Nā€‰=ā€‰522

Nā€‰=ā€‰8051

Nā€‰=ā€‰4026

Nā€‰=ā€‰4025

Nā€‰=ā€‰761

Nā€‰=ā€‰269

Nā€‰=ā€‰492

Females, n (%)

652 (63.1)

325 (63.5)

327 (62.6)

5600 (69.6)

2878 (71.5)

2722 (67.6)

503 (66.1)

176 (65.4)

327 (66.5)

Age at baseline (years), mean (standard deviation (SD))

64.42 (13.0)

63 13.6)

65.81 (12.3)

58.51 (14.7)

55.94 (14.6)

61.07 (14.4)

64.63 (12.8)

62.4 (12.9)

65.86 (12.5)

Body Mass Index in year prior to baseline

ā€ƒmean (SD)

29.77 (6.5)

29.78 (6.7)

29.77 (6.3)

27.14 (5.5)

27.17 (5.5)

27.1 (5.4)

29.86 (6.9)

30.71 (6.8)

29.35 (6.9)

ā€ƒMissing (%)

180 (17.4)

87 (17.0)

93 (17.8)

3669 (45.6)

1853 (46.0)

1816 (45.1)

224 (29.4)

68 (25.3)

156 (31.7)

Smoking status at baseline, n (%)

ā€ƒNever smoker

407 (39.4)

203 (39.7)

204 (39.1)

3337 (41.5)

1748 (43.4)

1589 (39.5)

234 (30.8)

80 (29.7)

154 (31.3)

ā€ƒEver smoker

600 (58.0)

293 (57.2)

307 (58.8)

3988 (49.5)

1949 (48.4)

2039 (50.7)

505 (66.4)

182 (67.7)

323 (65.7)

ā€ƒMissing

2 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

41 (0.5)

20 (0.5)

21 (0.5)

5 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

4 (0.8)

SES quintile at baseline (In subset), n (%)

ā€ƒFirst (least deprived)

214 (20.7)

102 (19.9)

112 (21.5)

1830 (22.7)

910 (22.6)

920 (22.9)

165 (21.7)

60 (22.3)

105 (21.3)

ā€ƒSecond

224 (21.7)

98 (19.1)

126 (24.1)

1993 (24.8)

1023 (25.4)

970 (24.1)

182 (23.9)

65 (24.2)

117 (23.8)

ā€ƒThird

215 (20.8)

121 (23.6)

94 (18.0)

1731 (21.5)

839 (20.8)

892 (22.2)

156 (20.5)

62 (23.1)

94 (19.1)

ā€ƒFourth

229 (22.2)

119 (23.2)

110 (21.1)

1470 (18.3)

741 (18.4)

729 (18.1)

161 (21.2)

49 (18.2)

112 (22.8)

ā€ƒFifth (most deprived)

150 (14.5)

71 (13.9)

79 (15.1)

986 (12.3)

493 (12.3)

493 (12.3)

92 (12.1)

32 (11.9)

60 (12.2)

ā€ƒMissing

2 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.2)

41 (0.5)

20 (0.5)

21 (0.5)

6 (0.8)

1 (0.4)

5 (1.0)

Charlson comorbidity index at baseline, mean (SD)

2.57 (0.8)

2.48 (0.8)

2.66 (0.8)

1.32 (0.7)

1.23 (0.6)

1.42 (0.7)

2.63 (0.8)

2.39 (0.7)

2.76 (0.8)

Prior history of macrovascular diseases, n (%)

113 (10.9)

41 (8.0)

72 (13.8)

297 (3.7)

108 (2.7)

189 (4.7)

77 (10.1)

16 (6.0)

61 (12.4)

History of GC use in year prior to baseline, n (%)

325 (31.4)

42 (8.2)

283 (54.2)

1861 (23.1)

256 (6.4)

1605 (39.9)

299 (39.3)

3 (1.1)

296 (60.2)

Duration of diabetes at baseline (yrs)

ā€ƒMean (SD)

4.59 (3.7)

4.88 (3.8)

4.31 (3.6)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Number of anti-DM medication prior to baseline

ā€ƒ0

525 (50.8)

264 (50.6)

261 (51.0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

ā€ƒ1

482 (46.6)

249 (47.7)

233 (45.5)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

ā€ƒ2

26 (2.5)

8 (1.5)

18 (3.5)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

ā€ƒ3

1 (0.1)

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Prescribed insulin prior to follow-up, n (%)

155 (15.0)

86 (16.8)

69 (13.2)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

DMARDs prescribed during follow-up, n (%)

ā€ƒMethotrexate

633 (61.2)

309 (60.4)

324 (62.1)

5012 (62.3)

2386 (59.3)

2626 (65.2)

353 (46.4)

110 (40.9)

243 (49.4)

ā€ƒHydroxychloroquine

261 (25.2)

132 (25.8)

129 (24.7)

2304 (28.6)

1129 (28.0)

1175 (29.2)

138 (18.1)

49 (18.2)

89 (18.1)

ā€ƒSulfasalazine

372 (36.0)

171 (33.4)

201 (38.5)

3333 (41.4)

1591 (39.5)

1742 (43.3)

207 (27.2)

80 (29.7)

127 (25.8)

ā€ƒLeflunomide

75 (7.3)

28 (5.5)

47 (9.0)

719 (8.9)

264 (6.6)

455 (11.3)

57 (7.5)

13 (4.8)

44 (8.9)

ā€ƒOther

70 (6.8)

15 (2.9)

55 (10.5)

549 (6.8)

117 (2.9)

432 (10.7)

54 (7.1)

6 (2.2)

48 (9.8)

Average GC dose during follow up, mean (SD)

4.93 (14.0)

0

9.8 (18.5)

4.38 (6.3)

0

8.75 (6.4)

5.02 (6.3)

0

7.77 (6.4)

  1. aCharacteristics at time of diabetes mellitus diagnosis