The incidence of depression and anxiety in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Incidence of depression and/or anxiety in ankylosing spondylitis

Author, year	Outcome	Method of assessment	Overall	Men	Women
Wu, 2017 [19]	depression	ICD 9: 296.2, 296.3, 300.4, 309, 309.1, 311	aRR^c: 1.34 (1.23–1.47)
Shen, 2016 [20]	depression	ICD 9: 296.2, 296.3, 300.4, 311	aHR^a: 1.72 (1.30–2.27)	aHR^{d, e}: 1.83 (1.27–2.63)	aHR^{d, e}: 1.54 (1.01–2.36)
Shen, 2016 [20]	anxiety	ICD 9: 300.0, 300.2, 300.3, 308.3, 309.81	aHR^b: 1.85 (1.37–2.49)	aHR^{d, e}: 2.37 (1.64–3.42)	aHR^{d, e}: 1.12 (0.65–1.93)
Meesters, 2014 [23]	depression	ICD 10: F32, F33	RR: 1.63 (1.40–1.89)	RR: 1.49 (1.20–1.89)	RR: 1.81 (1.44–2.24)
Sundquist, 2008 [24]	depression	ICD 8, 9, 10; not listed		SIR: 1.27 (0.46–2.79)	SIR: 0.89 (0.08–3.28)

Abbreviations: ICD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, (a) HR adjusted hazard ratio (reported in study), RR unadjusted rate ratio (reported in study), SIR standardized incidence ratios
^aAdjusted for age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy), urbanization, and income; ^bAdjusted for age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy), urbanization, and income; ^cAdjusted for age, gender, comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular disease risk, immune disorders, malignancies), obesity conditions, diabetes, smoking, outpatient care utilization, enrollment history, and year. ^dAdjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy, urbanization, and income; ^eObtained as supplementary data from study authors

ISSN: 2520-1026