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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics: HbA1c ≥ 7 Cohort

From: Impact of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and methotrexate on diabetes mellitus among patients with inflammatory arthritis

  MTX (N = 361) TNFi (N = 254) Metformin (N = 2144) SMD TNF vs MTX SMD Met vs MTX
Mean age, years (SD)a 45 (3) 45 (3) 45 (3) 0 0
Male sex (%)b 37% 32% 40% −0.15 0.08
Baseline HbA1c 8.29 8.31 8.41 −0.02 0.07
Comorbidities, N (%)
 Anemia 55(15%) 29 (11%) 232 (11%) −0.11 −0.11
 Angina 59 (16%) 28 (11%) 227 (11%) −0.15 − 0.15
 Anxiety 35 (10%) 39 (15%) 375 (17%) 0.15 0.21
 Asthma 73 (20%) 48 (19%) 388 (18%) −0.03 − 0.05
 CAD 121 (34%) 60 (24%) 544 (25%) −0.22 −0.20
 CHF 49 (14%) 28 (11%) 251 (12%) −1.46 −0.16
 CKD 103 (29%) 56 (22%) 360 (17%) −0.28 −0.52
 COPD 56 (16%) 48 (19%) 393 (18%) 0.08 0.05
 Cardiomyopathy 19 (5%) 9 (4%) 88 (4%) −0.25 −0.25
 Other CTD 21 (6%) 12 (5%) 67 (3%) 0.20 0.71
 Depression 71 (20%) 65 (26%) 503 (23%) 0.26 0.14
 DM retinopathy 64 (18%) 42 (17%) 29 (1%) −0.06 −1.37
 Hypertension 316 (88%) 217 (85%) 1807 (84%) −0.03 −0.05
 Hypothyroidism 112 (31%) 88 (35%) 671 (31%) 0.12 0.00
 Dyslipidemia 312 (86%) 225 (89%) 1825 (85%) 0.03 −0.01
 Inflammatory bowel disease 9 (2%) 12 (5%) 44 (2%) 0.90 0.00
 Liver disease 88 (24%) 64 (25%) 408 (19%) 0.04 −0.24
 Myocardial infarction 23 (6%) 8 (3%) 36 (2%) −0.71 −1.00
 Obesity 98 (27%) 72 (28%) 629 (29%) 0.04 0.07
 Psoriasis 43 (12%) 81 (32%) 154 (7%) 0.84 −0.54
Baseline diabetes medications, N (%) 316 (88%) 232 (91%) 2144 (100%) 0.03 0.13
Baseline MTX, N (%) – 128 (50%) 274 (13%) n/a n/a
Baseline TNFi, N (%) 36 (10%) 84 (33%) 214 (10%) 0.96 0.00
Baseline Steroidsc, N (%) 152 (42%) 100 (39%) 394 (18%) −0.07 −0.75
Average baseline glucocorticoid dose, mean (SD) 6 (7) 6 (6) 5(7) 0 0.14
Duration btwn baseline and f/up HbA1c, mean # of days (SD) 241 (83) 237 (84) 201 (79) 0.05 −0.49
Duration btwn med start date and f/up HbA1c, mean # of days (SD) 173 (66) 166 (65) 168(66) −0.11 −0.08
  1. N number of observations
  2. TNFi, MTX, and metformin groups are not mutually exclusive
  3. aIn the metformin group, one observation is missing for age
  4. bIn the metformin group, two unknown observations for sex were changed to missing
  5. cSix-month baseline period
  6. Abbreviations: CAD Coronary artery disease, CKD Chronic kidney disease, CTD Connective tissue disease (ICD9 code 710.9, not inclusive of SLE, sicca, or scleroderma), COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CHF Congestive heart failure, DM Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, MTX Methotrexate, SMD Standardized mean difference, TNFi Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
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