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Table 3 Association of baseline variables with HAQ-DI and EQ-5D-3L index scores in biologic DMARD-experienced patients

From: Factors associated with disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with persistent moderate disease activity: a retrospective cohort study

Baseline variable

12-month HAQ-DI score

12-month change in HAQ-DI score

12-month EQ-5D-3L score

12-month change in EQ-5D-3L score

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

β

P

Age

0.01

0.003

0.00

0.554

0.00

0.698

–

–

0.00

0.510

–

–

0.00

0.510

–

–

Male sex

−0.06

0.679

–

–

0.07

0.468

–

–

−0.30

0.119

–

–

0.01

0.886

–

–

White

Ref

–

–

–

Ref

–

–

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Black

−0.23

0.173

–

–

−0.08

0.527

–

–

0.12

0.574

–

–

0.03

0.620

–

–

Asian

−0.39

0.218

–

–

−0.10

0.658

–

–

0.17

0.672

–

–

−0.08

0.542

–

–

Mixed

−0.43

0.328

–

–

−0.07

0.813

–

–

0.66

0.341

–

–

0.05

0.815

–

–

Other

−0.05

0.888

–

–

−0.26

0.291

–

–

0.51

0.255

–

–

0.23

0.106

–

–

Disease duration

0.00

0.667

–

–

0.00

0.845

–

–

0.01

0.395

–

–

0.00

0.862

–

–

RF positive

−0.14

0.342

–

–

−0.12

0.249

–

–

0.12

0.535

–

–

0.02

0.730

–

–

Corticosteroids

0.31

0.026

0.09

0.369

0.00

0.968

–

–

−0.12

0.490

–

–

0.03

0.572

–

–

DAS28-ESR

0.00

0.986

–

–

−0.14

0.057

0.01

0.891

0.00

0.990

–

–

0.09

0.053

0.05

0.269

Swollen joint count

−0.04

0.049

−0.01

0.391

0.00

0.991

–

–

0.04

0.138

–

–

0.01

0.510

–

–

Tender joint count

−0.02

0.139

–

–

−0.02

0.001

−0.03

0.006

0.01

0.572

–

–

0.01

0.161

–

–

PtGA

0.01

0.014

0.00

0.401

0.00

0.060

0.00

0.421

−0.01

0.028

0.00

0.850

0.00

0.047

0.00

0.293

ESR

0.00

0.628

–

–

0.00

0.754

–

–

0.00

0.222

–

–

0.00

0.774

–

–

DMARD

Ref

–

–

–

Ref

–

–

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Ref

–

Biologic

0.11

0.561

–

–

0.08

0.530

–

–

0.08

0.899

–

–

−0.04

0.604

–

–

DMARD biologic

0.02

0.902

–

–

−0.01

0.882

–

–

−0.02

0.899

–

–

−0.04

0.472

–

–

HAQ-DI

0.79

< 0.001

0.76

< 0.001

−0.21

< 0.001

−0.21

< 0.001

− 0.49

< 0.001

−0.29

0.004

0.03

0.283

–

–

EQ-5D-3L index

−1.08

< 0.001

−0.02

0.949

0.28

0.053

−0.10

0.546

1.61

< 0.001

1.18

0.007

−0.50

< 0.001

−0.40

0.003

EQ-5D-3L pain

0.33

0.012

0.01

0.935

−0.11

0.211

–

–

−0.53

0.002

0.23

0.325

0.29

< 0.001

0.13

0.090

EQ-5D-3L anxiety/depression

0.23

0.019

0.05

0.544

−0.01

0.875

–

–

−0.54

< 0.001

−0.25

0.058

0.09

0.026

−0.02

0.674

  1. β- and P-values are from linear regression models that included endpoint HAQ-DI score, endpoint EQ-5D-3L index score (rank-transformed), 12-month change in HAQ-DI score or 12-month change in EQ-5D-3L index score as the response variable and each baseline variable as the explanatory variable (univariate model) or all baseline variables with P-values < 0.1 from univariate analysis (multivariate model); P-values shown in bold are significant (< 0.05)
  2. Abbreviations: DAS28-ESR Disease Activity Score for 28-joint count based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate, DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, EQ-5D-3L 3-level EuroQol 5-Dimensions questionnaire, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HAQ-DI Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index, PtGA Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity on a 10 cm visual analogue scale, Ref reference group, RF Rheumatoid factor