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Table 1 Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, disease scores and medications

From: Urinary soluble VCAM-1 is a useful biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in lupus nephritis

Variablesa

Total

(n = 62)

Active LN

(n = 31)

Inactive LN

(n = 31)

P

Age (years)

36.8 ± 11.9

36.7 ± 13.2

36.9 ± 10.5

0.926

Female

55 (88.7)

26 (83.9)

29 (93.5)

0.425

Caucasian

52 (83.9)

25 (80.6)

27 (87.1)

0.730

Disease duration (years)

7.1 (3.8–12.7)

6.5 (1.0–11.3)

8.4 (4.3–14.2)

0.149

SLE Clinical characteristics

 Mucocutaneous

58 (93.5)

29 (93.5)

29 (93.5)

1.000

 Musculoskeletal

29 (46.8)

12 (38.7)

17 (54.8)

0.309

 Serositis

18 (29.0)

7 (22.6)

11 (35.5)

0.401

 Neuropsychiatric

3 (4.8)

1 (3.2)

2 (6.5)

1.000

 Hematological

40 (64.5)

22 (71.0)

18 (58.1)

0.426

Autoantibodies

 Anti-dsDNA

50 (80.6)

26 (83.9)

24 (77.4)

0.748

 Anti-Sm

17 (28.8)

9 (31.0)

8 (26.7)

0.934

 Anti-Ro

19 (32.2)

11 (3.9)

8 (26.7)

0.518

 Anti-La

9 (15.3)

8 (27.6)

1 (3.3)

0.012

 Anti-nRNP

17 (28.8)

8 (27.6)

9 (30.0)

1.000

 aPL

4 (6.6)

3 (10.0)

1 (3.2)

0.354

Sjögren’s syndrome

4(6.5)

3(9.7)

1(3.2)

0.612

Renal pathology (ISN/RPS)

   

0.039

 III

35 (56.4)

17 (54.8)

18 (58.1)

 

 IV

13 (21.0)

3 (9.7)

10 (31.2)b

 

 III + V or IV + V

4 (6.4)

3 (9.7)

1 (3.2)

 

 V

10 (16.1)

8 (25.8)b

2 (6.4)

 

Disease activity and damage scores

 SLEDAI-2 K

8 (2–16)

16 (10–18)

2 (0–4)

< 0.001

 Renal SLEDAI

6 (0–12)

12 (8–12)

0 (0–4)

< 0.001

 rSLAM-R

2 (0–2)

2 (2–3)

0 (0–2)

< 0.001

 Renal SLICC

4 (0–8)

8 (6–11)

0 (0–1)

< 0.001

 SDI

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

0.229

Laboratory parameters

 C3 (mg/dl)

92 (65–121)

70 (54–94)

111 (89–135)

< 0.001

 C4 (mg/dl)

15 (8.8–22.3)

10 (5–15)

22 (15–29)

< 0.001

 UPCR

0.68 (0.28–1.95)

1.84 (0.95–3.36)

0.29 (0.09–0.46)

< 0.001

 eGFR

103.5 (87–121)

93 (72–126)

107 (91–121)

0.379

Serum creatinine level (mg/dl)

0.82 (0.63–0.88)

0.76 (0.54–1.03)

0.74 (0.63–0.54)

0.070

Current medication

 Hydroxychloroquine

51 (82.3)

24 (77.4)

27 (87.1)

0.506

 Azathioprine

8 (12.9)

1 (3.2)

7 (22.6)

0.053

 Mycophenolate mofetil

29 (46.8)

9 (29.0)

20 (64.5)

0.011

 Prednisone

19 (30.6)

11 (35.4)

8 (25.8)

0.582

 Calcineurin inhibitors

1 (1.6)

1 (3.2)

0 (0.0)

1.000

  1. aPL Antiphospholipid, either IgG anti-cardiolipin or the lupus anticoagulant, C Complement, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) [34], ISN/RPS International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society, LN Lupus nephritis, renal SLICC Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Renal Activity/Response Exercise, rSLAM-R Renal Systemic Lupus Activity Measure Revised, SDI American College of Rheumatology/Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics SLE damage index, SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI SLE disease activity index, UPCR Urine protein-creatinine ratio
  2. aVariables described as mean ± standard deviation, median (25th–75th percentiles) or n (%)
  3. bStatistically significant association by residual test adjusted to 5% significance
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BMC Rheumatology

ISSN: 2520-1026

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