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Table 2 Combination of conventional biomarkers and urinary soluble VCAM-1 for the diagnosis of active LNa

From: Urinary soluble VCAM-1 is a useful biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in lupus nephritis

Analyte

AUC (CI 95%)

Cutoff

Sensitivity

Specificity

Accuracy

VCAM-1

0.84 (0.75–0.94)

>  47.2

74.2%

74.2%

74.2%

C3

0.79 (0.68–0.91)

<  93

74.2%

67.7%

71.0%

C4

0.84 (0.74–0.94)

<  16

87.1%

74.2%

77.4%

Anti-dsDNA

0.65 (0.51–0.79)

>  1/10

51.6%

74.2%

64.5%

UPCR

0.97 (0.93–1.00)

> 0.55

100%

93,5%

96,8%

C3 + C4

87.1%

67.7%

77.4%

C3 + C4 + Anti-dsDNA

90.3%

61.3%

75.8%

VCAM-1 + C3

93.5%

51.6%

72.6%

VCAM-1 + C4

96.8%

58.1%

77.4%

VCAM-1 + Anti-dsDNA

83.9%

54.8%

69.4%

VCAM-1 + C3 + C4

96.8%

51.6%

74.2%

VCAM-1 + C3 + C4 + Anti-dsDNA

96.8%

45.2%

71.0%

  1. AUC Area under the curve, C Complement, CI Confidence interval, UPCR Urine protein-creatinine ratio, VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
  2. aActive LN was defined as: proteinuria (UPCR ≥0.5) plus active urinary sediment (hematuria, leukocyturia or cellular hematic/granular casts)