Characteristic | AxSpA N = 74 | Controls N = 2679 | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Current age, median (IQR), years | 37.0 (26.3) | 51.0 (23.0) | < 0.01 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 56 (75.7) | 1201 (44.8) | < 0.01 |
Race, Chinese, n (%) | 65 (87.8) | 1783 (66.6) | < 0.01 |
Body mass index, median (IQR), kg m−2 | 24.1 (5.1) | 23.6 (5.5) | 0.29 |
Smoking status | |||
Currently smoking, n (%) | 26 (35.1) | 335 (12.5) | < 0.01 |
Ex-smoker, n (%) | 48 (64.9) | 450 (16.8) | |
Never smoked, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1894 (70.7) | |
Alcohol drinkers, n (%) | 48 (65.8) | 1660 (62.0) | 0.35 |
Education level | |||
Secondary and below, n (%) | 74 (100) | 1352 (50.5) | < 0.01 |
Diploma or equivalent, n (%) | 0 (0) | 674 (25.2) | |
Degree, n (%) | 0 (0) | 653 (24.4) | |
Employed, n (%) | 57 (77.0) | 1798 (67.1) | 0.07 |
Total monthly household income* | |||
< SGD $2000, n (%) | 12 (16.2) | 633 (23.6) | 0.23 |
SGD $2000–3999, n (%) | 21 (28.4) | 686 (25.6) | |
SGD$4000–5999, n (%) | 17 (23.0) | 481 (18.0) | |
≥ SGD$6000, n (%) | 24 (32.4) | 629 (23.5) | |
Co-morbidities | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 11 (14.9) | 499 (18.6) | 0.41 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 3 (4.1) | 246 (9.2) | 0.09 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 6 (8.1) | 681 (25.4) | < 0.01 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 4 (5.4) | 105 (3.9) | 0.33 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2 (2.7) | 18 (0.67) | 0.10 |
WHO recommendations on physical activity for health | |||
Meets WHO recommendations†, n (%) | 57 (77.0) | 2403 (89.7) | < 0.01 |
Median time of total physical activity on average per day (IQR), minutes | 60 (107.1) | 44.3 (82.1) | 0.07 |
Median time spent on work-related physical activity on average per day (IQR), minutes | 0 (31.0) | 0 (34.3) | 0.38 |
Median time spent on travel-related physical activity on average per day (IQR), minutes | 13.6 (36.4) | 20 (34.3) | 0.07 |
Median time spent on recreational-related physical activity on average per day (IQR), minutes | 13.9 (51.4) | 0 (17.1) | 0.01 |
Doing no work-, transport-, or recreation-related physical activity, n (%) | 9 (12.2) | 240 (9.0) | 0.34 |
WHO classification of physical activity level | |||
Low level of physical activity, n (%) | 17 (23.0) | 1551 (57.9) | < 0.01 |
Moderate level of physical activity, n (%) | 25 (33.8) | 303 (11.3) | |
High level of physical activity, n (%) | 32 (43.2) | 825 (30.8) | |
High level of sedentary activity§, n (%) | 42 (56.8) | 966 (36.1) | < 0.01 |