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Table 2 Characteristics of individuals with gout according to history of depression and anxiety before their diagnosis of gout

From: Onset of depression and anxiety among patients with gout after diagnosis: a population-based incident cohort study

Characteristic

Depression

Anxiety

With historya (n = 38,261)

No historyb (n = 119,165)

P value

With historya (n = 8,140)

No historyb (n = 149,286)

P value

Age, mean (SD)

57.1 (14.7)

57.1 (16.0)

0.4923

57.8 (14.9)

57.0 (15.7)

< 0.0001

Males, n (%)

17,210 (45.0)

77,541 (65.1)

< 0.0001

3,473 (42.7)

91,278 (61.1)

< 0.0001

Charlson-Romano Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)

0.60 (1.27)

0.41 (1.05)

< 0.0001

0.71 (1.38)

0.45 (1.09)

< 0.0001

Neighbourhood income quintile, n (%)

      

 Quintile 1

8536 (22.3)

22,716 (19.1)

< 0.0001

1882 (23.1)

29,370 (19.7)

< 0.001

 Quintile 2

7668 (20.0)

24,256 (20.4)

 

1595 (19.6)

30,329 (20.3)

 

 Quintile 3

8266 (21.6)

26,220 (22.0)

 

1805 (22.2)

32,681 (21.9)

 

 Quintile 4

7222 (18.9)

23,494 (19.7)

 

1501 (18.4)

29,215 (19.6)

 

 Quintile 5

6569 (17.2)

22,479 (18.9)

 

1357 (16.7)

27,691 (18.6)

 

Residence, n (%)

      

 Urban

33,162 (86.7)

102,703 (86.2)

0.0158

7106 (87.3)

128,759 (86.3)

0.0074

 Rural

5099 (13.3)

16,462 (13.8)

 

1034 (12.7)

20,527 (13.8)

 

Health care utilization, mean (SD)

      

 Number outpatient visits

16.70 (16.95)

10.17 (11.69)

< 0.0001

20.07 (19.87)

11.31 (12.86)

< 0.0001

 Number of inpatient visits

0.42 (1.05)

0.26 (0.70)

< 0.0001

0.55 (1.25)

0.29 (0.77)

< 0.0001

 Number rheumatology visits

0.09 (0.63)

0.05 (0.44)

< 0.0001

0.09 (0.63)

0.06 (0.48)

< 0.0001

  1. Descriptive statistics were determined in the year prior to index date for gout
  2. SD, standard deviation
  3. aIndividuals with gout having a history of depression or anxiety before their gout diagnosis and excluded from the risk-set
  4. bIndividuals with gout with no history of depression or anxiety before their gout diagnosis and included in risk-set for evaluating incident depression or anxiety