Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients

Age, mean (standard deviation) years

36.5 (11.3)

36.8 (10.3)

35.3 (14.3)

0.69^a

Female

71 (91.0)

56 (93.3)

15 (83.3)

0.34^b

Skin manifestations

 Sclerodactyly

66 (84.6)

54 (90.0)

12 (66.7)

0.03^b

 Pinch nose

61 (78.2)

51 (85.0)

10 (55.5)

0.02^b

 Calcinosis

47 (60.3)

42 (70.0)

5 (27.8)

0.00^c

Vascular manifestations

 Raynaud’s Phenomenon

70 (89.7)

57 (95.0)

13 (72.2)

0.02^b

 Pitting scars of fingertips

53 (67.9)

42 (70.0)

11 (61.1)

0.567^c

Musculoskeletal manifestations

 Arthritis/arthralgia

37 (47.4)

28 (46.7)

9 (50.0)

0.99^c

 Can’t close fist properly

32 (41.0)

25 (41.7)

7 (38.9)

0.99^c

 Muscle weakness

32 (41.0)

26 (43.3)

6 (33.3)

0.59^c

 Flexion contracture

16 (20.5)

10 (16.7)

6 (33.3)

0.18^b

Gastrointestinal manifestations

 Microstomia

61 (78.2)

52 (86.7)

9 (50.0)

0.00^b

 Gastro-oesophageal reflux

47 (60.3)

39 (65.0)

8 (44.4)

0.17^c

Modified Rodnan skin score, Median (Interquartile range)

19.0 (10.0–32.0]

20.0 (15.0–34.0)

10.0 (6.0–21.0)

0.02^d

Antibody

(n = 63)

(n = 48)

(n = 15)

 Antinuclear antibody

37 (58.7)

26 (43.3)

11 (64.7)

0.17^c

 Anti-topoisomerase antibody

24 (38.1)

20 (33.3)

4 (22.2)

0.41^c

 Anti-centromere antibody

2 (3.2)

2 (3.3)

0 (0.0)

0.99^b

Echocardiography findings

(n = 24)

(n = 16)

(n = 8)

 Valvulopathy (Tricuspid regurgitation)

24 (48.0)

16 (27.1)

8 (44.4)

0.17^c

Pulmonary artery systolic pressure

 Normal (12–15 mmHg)

24 (48.0)

21 (55.3)

3 (25.0)

0.07^c

 Increased ((≥ 25 mmHg)

26 (52.0)

17 (44.7)

9 (75.0)

High resolution CT scan

(n = 17)

(n = 9)

(n = 8)

 Ground glass pattern

10 (58.8)

5 (8.3)

5 (27.8)

0.05^b

 Fibrosis

7 (41.2)

4 (6.7)

3 (16.7)

0.34^b