Table 3 Risk ratios for baseline factors potentially associated with high adherence

Cohorts

 INF biosimilar naïve

0.83 [0.63–1.10]

0.84 [0.64–1.11]

1.16 [0.75–1.79]

1.21 [0.81–1.82]

 INF biosimilar prevalent

0.87 [0.73–1.06]

0.82 [0.68–0.98] *

0.87 [0.60–1.24]

0.76 [0.53–1.08]

 INF bio-originator prevalent

1.41 [1.34–1.48] *

1.29 [1.22–1.35] *

1.56 [1.43–1.69] *

1.39 [1.29–1.51] *

 INF bio-originator naive

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Age

 35–44

1.05 [1.00–1.09]

1.03 [0.99–1.07]

1.06 [1.00–1.12]

1.04 [0.99–1.09]

 45–54

1.08 [1.04–1.12] *

1.04 [1.01–1.08] *

1.11 [1.06–1.17] *

1.05 [1.00–1.09]

 55–64

1.10 [1.06–1.15] *

1.08 [1.04–1.13] *

1.18 [1.13–1.24] *

1.11 [1.06–1.16] *

 ≥ 65

1.02 [0.96–1.08]

0.99 [0.94–1.06]

1.05 [0.98–1.14]

1.00 [0.93–1.07]

 < 35

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Sex

 Female

0.96 [0.92–0.97] *

0.99 [0.96–1.02]

0.91 [0.88–0.94] *

0.98 [0.95–1.01]

 Male

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Region

 Mid-west

1.02 [0.98–1.05]

1.00 [0.97–1.04]

1.04 [1.00–1.08]

1.03 [1.00–1.07]

 North-east

1.02 [0.98–1.05]

1.01 [0.98–1.04]

0.99 [0.95–1.03]

0.99 [0.95–1.03]

 West

0.97 [0.93–1.00]

0.98 [0.94–1.01]

0.95 [0.90–0.99] *

0.96 [0.91–1.00]

 Unknown

0.55 [0.51–0.59] *

0.59 [0.54–0.63] *

N/A

N/A

 South

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Autoimmune disease

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA)

1.06 [1.01–1.12] *

1.03 [0.98–1.08]

1.06 [0.99–1.13]

1.01 [0.96–1.07]

 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

1.07 [1.04–1.11] *

1.07 [1.04–1.10] *

1.11 [1.07–1.15] *

1.09 [1.05–1.13] *

 Others

0.98 [0.93–1.04]

0.98 [0.92–1.03]

0.99 [0.92–1.06]

0.97 [0.90–1.03]

Comorbidities

 Cancer

0.92 [0.84–1.01]

0.99 [0.90–1.08]

1.05 [0.96–1.16]

1.02 [0.94–1.12]

 Chronic kidney disease

0.89 [0.84–0.94] *

0.95 [0.90–1.01]

0.90 [0.84–0.96] *

0.99 [0.93–1.05]

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

0.87 [0.81–0.92] *

0.97 [0.91–1.03]

0.79 [0.72–0.87] *

0.94 [0.87–1.01]

 Chronic heart disease

0.95 [0.88–1.02]

0.98 [0.92–1.06]

0.93 [0.84–1.02]

0.98 [0.89–1.07]

 Depression

0.84 [0.80–0.88] *

0.93 [0.89–0.98] *

0.77 [0.72–0.82] *

0.93 [0.88–0.98] *

 Diabetes

0.93 [0.88–0.97]

0.99 [0.95–1.04]

0.92 [0.87–0.98] *

1.01 [0.96–1.07]

All cause–hospitalization

0.80 [0.77–0.84] *

0.90 [0.86–0.94] *

0.76 [0.72–0.81] *

0.90 [0.85–0.95] *

Infections

0.95 [0.92–0.97] *

1.02 [0.99–1.04]

0.93 [0.90–0.96] *

1.02 [0.99–1.05]

Used multiple biologics

0.82 [0.78–0.85] *

0.90 [0.87–0.94] *

0.74 [0.69–0.79] *

0.83 [0.78–0.88] *

Concurrent medications

 Antibiotics

0.92 [0.90–0.95] *

0.97 [0.94–1.00]

0.89 [0.87–0.93] *

0.97 [0.94–1.00]

 Betablockers

0.99 [0.95–1.03]

1.03 [0.99–1.07]

0.92 [0.87–0.97] *

1.00 [0.95–1.05]

 Hormone Therapy

0.97 [0.94–1.01]

1.01 [0.973–1.05]

1.00 [0.95–1.04]

1.04 [1.00–1.09]

 Narcotic

0.91 [0.89–0.94] *

1.02 [0.99–1.04]

0.84 [0.81–0.87] *

0.99 [0.96–1.03]

 NSAID

0.94 [0.91–0.97] *

1.02 [0.99–1.05]

0.89 [0.85–0.92] *

1.03 [0.99–1.07]

 Statin

0.99 [0.96–1.03]

1.00 [0.97–1.04]

0.97 [0.93–1.02]

0.99 [0.95–1.03]

 Steroids

0.89 [0.86–0.91] *

0.99 [0.96–1.01]

0.85 [0.82–0.88] *

0.97 [0.94–1.00]