Fig. 1

Comparison of DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, CDAI, and SDAI between female and male patients. A Distributions of disease activity indices by sex. Jitter, box, and violin plots are depicted in each disease activity category by sex (red, female; blue, male). Dashed lines are drawn on the cutoff values for the disease activity categories (DAS28-ESR and DAS28-CRP: 2.6, 3.2, and 5.1. CDAI: 2.8, 10, and 22. SDAI: 3.3, 11, and 26). B, C Cliff’s delta for sex difference in disease activity indices. Positive values of Cliff’s delta indicate that the values of the indices and their components were higher in female patients compared to male patients, whereas negative values indicate the opposite. Black line is drawn at the value of 0.000. Blue, green, and red dashed lines are drawn on the values of 0.147, 0.330, and 0.474, respectively. Points and bars indicate the estimates and 95% CIs of Cliff’s delta, respectively. Rem, remission; LDA, low disease activity; MDA, moderate disease activity; HDA, high disease activity