Table 2 Hazard ratios (95% CI) for fractures after RA onset by risk factors
Risk factor | Unadjusted HR | Age and sex adjusted HR | Multiple adjusted HRa |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | 1.07 (1.06–1.08) | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) |
Female sex | 1.62 (1.27–2.08) | 2.07 (1.62–2.66 | 1.67 (1.23–2.26) |
Current smoking | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | - | - |
Body mass index | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) |
BMI ≤ 20 kg/m2 | 2.16 (1.50–3.10) | 2.72 (1.88–3.93) | 2.40 (1.62–3.54) |
20 < BMI < 25 kg/m2 | 0.98 (0.77–1.25) | - | - |
25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 | 1.02 (0.80–1.32) | - | - |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 0.45 (0.27–0.75) | 0.44 (0.27–0.73) | 0.46 (0.28–0.77) |
Hypertension | 1.25 (0.93–1.67) | - | - |
RA-disease dependent risk factors | |||
Symptom duration at diagnosis | 0.96 (0.93 − 0.1) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | - |
RF-positivity | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 1.50 (1.16–1.81) | 1.39 (1.07–1.81) |
ACPA-positivity | 1.05 (0.81–1.34) | 1.43 (1.11–1.85) | 1.30 (0.98–1.74) |
DAS28 | |||
at diagnosis | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) |
at 6-month | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) |
at 1-year | 1.13 (1.04–1.22) | 1.10 (1.02–1.20) | 1.13 (1.04–1.24) |
at 2-year | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | - |
DAS-AUC over the 2 years, per 10 | 1.05 (1.00-1.10) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 1.06 (1.00-1.11) |
DAS28 ≤ 2.6 at 6-month | 0.73 (0.56–0.95) | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | - |
DAS28 ≤ 2.6 at 1-year | 0.82 (0.65–1.05) | - | - |
DAS28 ≤ 2.6 at 2-year | 0.77 (0.60–0.97) | 0.81 (0.64–1.04) | 0.78 (0.59–1.03) |
DAS28 ≤ 2.6 sustained | 0.60 (0.42–0.84) | 0.64 (0.46–0.91) | 0.60 (0.40–0.92) |
DAS28 ≤ 3.2 at 6-month | 0.77 (0.71–0.96) | 0.79 (0.63-1.00) | 0.78 (0.60–1.02) |
DAS28 ≤ 3.2 at 1-year | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) | 0.79 (0.62–1.03) |
DAS28 ≤ 3.2 at 2-year | 0.97 (0.77–1.21) | - | - |
DAS28 ≤ 3.2 sustained | 0.71 (0.55–0.92) | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) |
HAQ | |||
at baseline | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | - | - |
at 6-month | 1.46 (1.22–1.74) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 1.23 (0.99–1.53) |
at 1-year | 1.42 (1.19–1.69) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 1.35 (1.09–1.68) |
at 2-year | 1.45 (1.22–1.72) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 1.17 (0.95–1.44) |
HAQ ≤ 0.5 at 6-month | 0.71 (0.57–0.89) | 0.79 (0.63-1.00) | 0.84 (0.64–1.10) |
HAQ ≤ 0.5 at 1-year | 0.74 (0.60–0.93) | 0.81 (0.65–1.02) | 0.78 (0.60–1.02) |
HAQ ≤ 0.5 at 2-year | 0.60 (0.48–0.76) | 0.72 (0.57–0.90) | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) |
HAQ ≤ 0.5 sustained | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.74 (0.59–0.94) | 0.76 (0.58-1.00) |
HAQ ≥ 1 at 6-month | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | 1.38 (1.09–1.75) | 1.35 (1.02–1.79) |
HAQ ≥ 1 at 1-year | 1.60 (1.27–2.02) | 1.33 (1.06–1.69) | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) |
HAQ ≥ 1 at 2-year | 1.42 (1.12–1.82) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | - |
HAQ ≥ 1 sustained | 1.54 (1.14–2.08) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | - |
Radiographic RA-disease characteristics | |||
SHS score at baseline | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | - |
Erosion score at baseline | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | - | - |
JSN score at baseline | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | - |
SHS score at 2-year | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | 1.00 (1.00-1.01) | - |
Erosion score at 2-year | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | - | - |
JSN score at 2-year | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 1.01 (1.00-1.01) | - |
SHS progression at 2-year | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | - |
Erosion progression at 2-year | 1.26 (0.99–1.61) | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 1.37 (1.03–1.82) |
JSN progression at 2-year | 1.29 (1.02–1.63) | 1.04 (0.83–1.32) | - |
RA-treatments | |||
Daily prednisolone usage | |||
at baseline | 1.12 (0.90–1.39) | 1.23 (0.99–1.53) | 1.16 (0.90–1.50) |
6-month | 1.03 (0.83–1.29) | 1.12 (0.89–1.40) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) |
1-year | 1.19 (0.96–1.49) | 1.27 (1.02–1.58) | 1.30 (1.00-1.70) |
2-year | 1.20 (0.95–1.51) | 1.24 (0.98–1.55) | 1.20 (0.91–1.57) |
Daily prednisolone dosage | |||
at baseline | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) |
6-month | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) |
1-year | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
2-year | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 1.043 (1.01–1.08) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
AUC of prednisolone dosage over 1 year, per 10 mg | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.04 (1.00-1.07)* |
AUC of prednisolone dosage over 2 years, per 10 mg | 1.01 (1.01–1.03) | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04)* |
Methotrexate over 2 years | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 1.20 (0.96–1.49) | 1.21 (0.87–1.77)* |
Combined cDMARDs over 2 years | 1.09 (0.83–1.44) | 1.49 (1.12–1.97) | 1.31 (0.89–1.93)* |
Biological agent over 2 years | 0.87 (0.54–1.41) | - | 1.05 (0.58–1.90)* |