Table 1 Main characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis
First author and year | Design | Country | Period | Source of cases | Assessment of cases | Outcome | Assessment of outcomes | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacani 2012 | Cohort | USA | 1980–2007 | EMR | ACR criteria | VTE, PE | MR + lab/imaging | 9 |
Choi 2013 | Cohort | UK | 1986–2010 | EMR | Diagnostic code + DMARD | VTE, DVT, PE | Hospital code + anticoagulant OR hospital code + DC/autopsy | 9 |
Chung 2014 | Cohort | Taiwan | 1998–2008 | Claims data | ACR criteria | DVT, PE | ICD-9 code | 10 |
Holmqvist 2012 | Cohort | Sweden | 1997–2009 | Registry | ACR criteria | VTE, DVT, PE | ICD-10 code | 9 |
Johannesdottir 2012 | Case-control | Denmark | 1999–2009 | Registry | ICD-8/ ICD-10 codes | VTE, DVT, PE | ICD 8–10 | 9 |
Kim 2013 | Cohort | USA | 2001–2008 | Claims data | Two physician visits + ICD-9 code + DMARD | VTE, DVT, PE | ICD-9 code + anticoagulants | 8 |
Li 2021 | Cohort | Canada | 1997–2009 | Claims data | Two physician visits + ICD-9 code | VTE, DVT, PE | ICD-9/ ICD-10 + anticoagulants | 9 |
Ramagopalan (a) 2011 | Cohort | England, UK | 1963–1998 | EMR | ICD 7–10 code | VTE | ICD 7–10 code | 6 |
Ramagopalan (b) 2011 | Cohort | England, UK | 1998–2008 | EMR | ICD 7–10 code | VTE | ICD 7–10 code | 6 |
Ramagopalan (c) 2011 | Cohort | England, UK | 1998–2009 | EMR | ICD 7–10 code | VTE | ICD 7–10 code | 6 |
Zoller 2012 | Cohort | Sweden | 1964–2008 | EMR | ICD 7–10 code | PE | ICD 7–10 code | 6 |
Galloway 2020 | Cohort | England, UK | 1999–2018 | EMR | Diagnostic codes | VTE, DVT, PE | Diagnostic codes | 8 |
Molander 2021 | Cohort | Sweden | 2006–2018 | Registry | Diagnosis by clinician | VTE | ICD-10 code | 6 |
Setyawan 2021 | Cohort | USA | 2014–2018 | Claims data | ICD-9 and ICD-10 | DVT, PE | Diagnosis by clinician | 7 |