Perioperative medical management for patients with RA, SPA, and SLE undergoing total hip and total knee replacement: a narrative review

Table 2 Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in rheumatic disease patients undergoing surgery

Patient-specific risk factors
Active rheumatic disease
History of VTE^a
Active cancer
Estrogen
Active cancer
Smoking
Advanced age
Black race (Asian race protective)
Obesity
Non-O ABO blood group
Thrombophilia
Surgery-specific risk factors
Orthopedic surgery > other surgery
Hip fracture
Bilateral arthroplasty
Revision arthroplasty
General > Axial/regional anesthesia