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Table 2 Uncorrected and corrected analyses per outcome measure

From: Effect of metformin use on clinical outcomes and serum urate in gout patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study

 

Outcome

Confounders

Gout flares

Uncorrected

0.95 IRR (95% CI 0.80–1.13)

 

Corrected

0.95 IRR (95% CI 0.78–1.14)

Age, alcohol use, colchicine use, prednisone use, use anti-inflammatory drugs, renal impairment, sUA at baseline, crystal proven gout, presence of tophi and insulin use

sUA levels baseline

Uncorrected

 − 0.02 mmol/l difference (95% CI − 0.05–0.01)

 

Corrected

 − 0.02 mmol/l difference (95% CI − 0.04–0.01)

Renal impairment, diuretic use, insulin use and crystal proven gout

sUA levels over 6 months

Uncorrected

 − 0.02 mmol/l difference (95% CI − 0.04–0.00)

 

Corrected

 − 0.01 mmol/l difference (95% CI − 0.02–0.01)

sUA at baseline and renal impairment

Reaching target sUA

Uncorrected

1.39 OR (95% CI 0.87–2.20)

 

Corrected

1.09 OR (95% CI 0.66–1.80)

Renal impairment, history of kidney stones sUA at baseline, insulin use and use of diuretics

Dose at target allopurinol

Uncorrected

30.4 mg difference (95% CI − 4.7–65.5)

 
  1. sUA serum uric acid, IRR incidence rate ratio, OR odds ratio