Skip to main content
Download PDF

Association of lifestyle elements with self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease

BMC Rheumatology volume 4, Article number: 49 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Assessment of the association of various lifestyle factors and wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease was the main goal of this study.

Methods

Demographic information, body mass index, smoking habit, mood status, sleep quality, physical activity levels, nutritional data, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings and patient reported outcome (self-rated wellness and health) in 52 patients with Behcet’s disease were collected in this cross-sectional study. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the association of self-rated wellness and health status and lifestyle factors, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, major symptoms and signs, as well as laboratory findings.

Results

Female to male ratio was 21/31, and the mean age of participants was 44 years. Mean self-rated wellness and health score was 14.6 out of 20. Oral and genital aphthous, ocular involvement, pathergy, and skin involvement were observed in 100, 52, 92, 36.5, and 9.5% of patients, respectively. The mean values of sleep, mood and nutrition quality scores were 17.7 (out of 70), 13.8 (out of 35), and 9 (out of 21), respectively. Univariable regression analysis showed a significant association between sleep quality, mood status, and disease duration, with patients’ status in terms of self-rated wellness and health. In multivariable linear regression, sleep quality was the only significant predictive variable associated with self-rated wellness and health.

Conclusion

Sleep quality was the most important factor associated with low self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease.

Peer Review reports

Background

Chronic diseases have been considered as one of the most challenging burdens in healthcare systems regarding their lifelong duration and incurable course [1, 2]. On this basis, patients with chronic disease are capable of suffering from severe physical, psychological, and psychosocial impairments as the consequences of their illness, which reduces patient’s self-reliance and quality of life [3, 4]. Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic inflammation with unknown etiology that results in generalized and relapsing clinical manifestations [5]. The majority of clinical signs and symptoms in patients with BD include involvement of mucocutaneous, urogenital, locomotor, ocular, neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular systems [6,7,8]. Therefore, disease progression contributes to impaired levels of patients’ physical and mental functions that provide severe harmful and destructive impacts on patients’ quality of life [9, 10].

On the other hand, several lifestyle factors might influence the onset, disease course, and the severity of inflammation in patients suffering from chronic and inflammatory disorders [9, 10]. According to the literature, the most important ones are fast foods, omega 3, physical activity, smoking, depression, and sleep patterns [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20]. Thus, it can be estimated that there is a strong correlation between patients’ habits and lifestyle, and patients’ quality of life, which is reduced or affected through the disease activity and manifestations [21, 22]. With due attention to the recent updates, several studies have suggested a strong correlation between Behcet’s disease and sleep quality of the individuals [23,24,25,26,27,28]. Furthermore, it has been claimed that the mental health status could be significantly altered in patients suffering from Behcet’s disease; some studies have demonstrated the high frequency of depression and anxiety in these patients [25, 29]. Similarly, smoking has been shown to cause adverse events in means of clinical symptoms and signs of Behcet’s disease [30].

To date, there are limited information regarding lifestyle factors and Behcet’s disease from our country. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the association of essential lifestyle factors and mood status with self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease.

Methods

In the current cross-sectional study carried out in Shahid Beheshti hospital, Qom, Iran, 52 patients with a history of Behcet’s disease were enrolled, consecutively. The inclusion criteria for the study included age > 18 years, and fulfilment of International Criteria for Behcet’s Disease for the diagnosis of Behçet’s disease [31]. Patients with psychologic disorders and concomitant chronic disorders were excluded. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences (IR-MUQ-REC-1398-080), and all patients provided informed consent before enrollment.

Demographic information, body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, mood status, sleep quality, physical activity levels, nutritional habits, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings along with patient reported outcome (self-rated wellness and health) were collected. Patients disease activity was calculated via the Iranian Behcet’s Diseases Dynamic Activity Measurement score [31], with due attention to eleven clinical manifestations, as follows: oral aphthae (one point for five ulcers), genital ulceration (one point per ulcer), pseudofolliculitis (one point for ten lesions), erythema nodosum (one point for five lesions), arthritis (arthralgia one point, monoarthritis two points, and polyarthritis three points), venous involvement (thrombophlebitis one point, and massive vessel thrombosis two points), intestinal manifestations (three and six points for mild and moderate to severe manifestations, respectively), central nervous system (CNS) manifestations (one point for mild headache, three points for mild CNS involvements, and six points for moderate to severe manifestations), epididymitis (two points), and pathergy (one point).

Patients’ quality of sleep, mood status, and nutritional condition were evaluated using the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire, Gallup Well-being index, and Gallup Diet Questionnaire, respectively [32,33,34]. Patients were requested to answer 22 questions provided in the questionnaires; ten questions evaluated sleep quality, five questions assessed mood status, and three questions were aimed to evaluate the nutritional condition. For each question, the frequency of each event ranged from 0 (the complaint never happened) to 7 (patient had the complaints during every day of the week). The overall score calculated by accumulating the scores obtained from questions in each part. A higher grade in each section of the questionnaire demonstrated a worse quality. Physical activity was inquired based on a modified question from Brunel lifestyle physical activity questionnaire [35]. Furthermore, due to the undeniable role of smoking on patients’ lifestyle and quality of life, smoking status was questioned at the end of lifestyle questions [36]. Finally, self-rated wellness and health was included, which represented 20 as the healthiest state and 0 as the unhealthiest [37]. All the questions divided with due attention to their evaluating section, are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Lifestyle questionnaire and the calculating method of corresponding scores
Full size table

Statistical analysis

Descriptive analyses were conducted to picture the frequency distribution of demographics, lifestyle factors, symptoms, signs and laboratory data. Self-rated wellness and health was a continuous variable. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess whether the continuous variables were normally distributed. The frequency distributions of symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings were compared between males and females by chi-square test. Age, disease duration, BMI and smoking rate were compared between males and females by t-test/Mann-Whitney test. Univariable association of every variable and self-rated wellness and health status was evaluated through linear regression analysis. The association of self-rated wellness and health status and lifestyle factors was evaluated by multivariable linear regression model, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, major symptoms and signs and laboratory findings. In order to identify the useful subset of the predictors and reduce the multicollinearity problem and to resolve the overfitting problem, backward elimination process was used. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to draw the possible non-linear association of self-rated wellness and health status and independent continuous variables. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS program (SPSS version 26, Chicago, IL) and R. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Twenty-one females and 31 males were enrolled. There was no significant difference between genders in terms of age, disease duration, symptoms and signs, and most laboratory findings (Supplementary Table). Nevertheless, female patients had a mean blood urea nitrogen level of 12.5 mg/dL, which was significantly lower than that, 16 mg/dl, in male patients. Furthermore, the mean BMI and mood score were significantly higher in females vs. males (29 vs. 26 kg/m2, respectively, for BMI, and 17.6 vs. 11.3, respectively, for mood score). In terms of smoking, men had a significantly higher smoking rate in comparison to women (3.3 vs. 0.5 pack-year, respectively). Oral aphthous, genital aphthous, past or present ocular involvement, pathergy, skin involvement, vascular involvement, and CNS involvement were observed in 100, 52, 92, 36.5, 9.5, 4 and 0% of patients, respectively. Patients’ characteristics and clinical data are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2 Demographics, Behcet’s disease and lifestyle characteristics of study sample (SD = Standard Deviation)
Full size table

Based on the patients’ report on lifestyle factors according to the questionnaire outcomes, there was no significant difference between male and female patients, while comparing the sleep quality, physical activity, nutritional status, and self-rated wellness and health status. However, females had a significantly higher mood scores in comparison to that of male participants, which proved a worse mood status in women (17.6 vs. 11.3, respectively).

Mean (SD) self-rated wellness and health was 14.6 (3.83) out of 20. Table 3 demonstrates the univariable association of every variable with self-rated wellness and health. Only the following three variables had a significant univariable association with self-rated wellness and health: sleep quality, mood status, and disease duration. When all variables were entered in multivariable linear regression model, only sleep quality remained significant, and mood status was kept in the model by the backward elimination process.

Table 3 Linear regression analysis showing univariable and multivariable associations of predictors of self-rated wellness and health (Adjusted R2 = 0.226 and P = 0.001)a
Full size table

Figure 1 is prepared based on multivariable GAM model. It showed the non-linear association of sleep quality and self-rated wellness and health status. In the current study, the employed questionnaire indicated the score of 70 as the worst sleep quality. Figure 1 showed that a sleep quality score of more than 25 was associated with an obvious decrease in self-rated wellness and health status. Among 10 sleep quality questions, patients showed higher disruptions in five domains of sleep quality as follows: difficulty falling asleep, waking up too early, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and feeling tired upon waking up in the morning. Frequency distribution of each of these five domains, happening for more than three nights in a usual week, were 33, 33, 29, 29 and 27%, respectively.

Fig. 1
figure1

Sleep quality and its association with self-rated wellness and health status (EDF=2.31, R-square=0.21, N=52, p value=0.03)

Full size image

Discussion

Recently, the quality of life and lifestyle factors in patients suffering from chronic diseases has become a topic of debate concerning their inevitable consequences and influences on several aspects of patients’ physical and mental health through a lifelong disease course [38,39,40]. The current study evaluated the association of self-rated wellness and health status, as the main patient reported outcome, with lifestyle factors in patients with Behcet’s disease. The final multivariable regression model was adjusted for demographics, smoking habits, nutrition, sleep, physical activity, primary symptoms and signs, and laboratory findings. Sleep quality emerged as the single most important factor associated with self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease. The presented non-linear plot showed a better quantification of this relationship. According to the plot, if only one-third of sleep quality was disrupted, the patients with Behcet’s disease might begin to feel significantly lower wellness and health status. The association of sleep quality and Behcet’s disease has been shown by previous studies in the literature [23,24,25,26,27,28]. It seems some aspects of sleep quality are more important than the other ones. Difficulty falling asleep, waking up too early, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and feeling tired upon waking up in the morning were the top sleep disruptions in our patients. The possible mechanism of sleep and inflammatory disorders may come from an imbalance in crucial stages of sleep. Too little deep sleep (stage 3) and too much REM sleep cause hormonal imbalance affecting the level of inflammation [17, 41].

In addition to sleep, mood status was almost significantly associated with self-rated wellness and health status. This association has been shown in Behcet’s disease [24]. The direct therapeutic effects of mood stabilization in improving the outcome in few autoimmune disorders have been demonstrated too [42]. In terms of quality of life and lifestyle assessment in patients with Behcet’s disease, previous studies were mainly aimed at establishing a correlation between patients’ complaints and clinical manifestations and the severity of impairment in quality of life [43,44,45,46]. In a study by Khabbazi et al., patients with Behcet’s disease had impaired levels of quality of life, which was in strong correlation with disease severity [47]. Furthermore, the authors suggested genital ulcers as well as the involvement of eye and CNS as the leading causes of impairment in patients’ quality of life. Besides, in another study by Guler et al., oral ulcers and skin lesions were two further clinical manifestations of Behcet’s disease that altered the patients’ physical, social, and emotional functioning and led to impaired quality of life [48]. However, our results showed no significant correspondence between Behcet’s disease patients’ wellness and health status and clinical manifestations, including ocular involvement, genital aphthous, and dermal lesions. But disease duration was negatively associated with patients’ wellness and health status. Thus, it can be hypothesized that prolonged disease duration in chronic illnesses, regardless of the disease type, may result in lower status of self-rated wellness and health. On this basis, we believe the duration of the disease can be considered as the cofounding factor for evaluation of the clinical symptoms and signs effect on patients’ wellness and health status. On the other hand, there is a significant diversity in terms of employed questionnaires for assessment of the quality of life in patients with Behcet’s disease, which might explain part of the controversy of the outcomes among different studies in the literature. Therefore, the designation of a particular and unique questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life in patients with Behcet’s disease is of serious importance, in order to identify and manage the affecting factors.

The main strength of the current survey was the prospective enrollment of patients. Another advantage was the measurement of important lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity along with sleep quality and smoking habit. Also, for the final model, major symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings were considered to draw a better picture of the association between self-rated wellness and health and lifestyle factors. However, our study was of some limitations, as follows: First, a relatively small number of patients agreed to participate in the study by answering the several questions provided in the questionnaire, due to a high number of required information and details. Second, other factors, such as socioeconomic status, might serve as a relevant confounding factor for the evaluation of the lifestyle and quality of life. Third, the cross-sectional design did not allow establishing a cause and effect association between self-rated wellness and health status and sleep quality.

Conclusion

In conclusion, sleep quality was shown as the single most important index of low self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease. The non-linear association of sleep quality and self-rated wellness and health status by multivariable GAM model indicated that if only one-third of sleep quality was disrupted, the patients with Behcet’s disease might significantly feel lower wellness and health status.

Availability of data and materials

Data are available upon request through corresponding author.

Abbreviations

BD:

Behcet’s disease

CNS:

Central Nervous System

GAM:

Generalized Additive Models

References

  1. 1.

    Grayson PC, Amudala NA, McAlear CA, et al. Causal attributions about disease onset and relapse in patients with systemic vasculitis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(5):923–30. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131096.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. 2.

    Brzoska P, Yilmaz-Aslan Y, Sultanoglu E, Sultanoglu B, Razum O. The factor structure of the Turkish version of the revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R) in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:852. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-852.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. 3.

    Mumcu G, Yağar F, Alibaz-Öner F, İnanç N, Direskeneli H, Ergun T. Does illness perception associate with disease symptoms in Behçet’s disease? Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(5):691–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-018-1983-y.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. 4.

    Figueiras MJ, Cortes MA, Marcelino D, Weinman J. Lay views about medicines: the influence of the illness label for the use of generic versus brand. Psychol Health. 2010;25(9):1121–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440903137170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. 5.

    Cho SB, Cho S, Bang D. New insights in the clinical understanding of Behçet’s disease. Yonsei Med J. 2012;53(1):35–42. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2012.53.1.35.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. 6.

    Emmi G, Becatti M, Bettiol A, Hatemi G, Prisco D, Fiorillo C. Behçet’s syndrome as a model of Thrombo-inflammation: the role of neutrophils. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1085. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01085.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. 7.

    International Team for the Revision of the International Criteria for Behçet’s Disease (ITR-ICBD). The International Criteria for Behçet’s Disease (ICBD): a collaborative study of 27 countries on the sensitivity and specificity of the new criteria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(3):338–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.12107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. 8.

    Davatchi F, Shahram F, Chams-Davatchi C, et al. Behcet’s disease in Iran: analysis of 7641 cases. Mod Rheumatol. 2019;29(6):1023–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14397595.2018.1558752.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. 9.

    Tang MM, Chang CC, Chan LC, Heng A. Quality of life and cost of illness in patients with psoriasis in Malaysia: a multicenter study. Int J Dermatol. 2013;52(3):314–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05340.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. 10.

    Lin T-Y, See L-C, Shen Y-M, Liang C-Y, Chang H-N, Lin Y-K. Quality of life in patients with psoriasis in northern Taiwan. Chang Gung Med J. 2011;34(2):186–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. 11.

    Prescott SL, Logan AC. Each meal matters in the exposome: biological and community considerations in fast-food-socioeconomic associations. Econ Hum Biol. 2017;27(Pt B):328–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2017.09.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. 12.

    Wolter SA, Ramos WD, Eilliott L, Smiley A. Investigating the health benefits of trail use; a perspective from park practitioners. Recreation Parks Tourism Public Health. 2019;3:97–112. https://doi.org/10.2979/rptph.3.1.07.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. 13.

    Ishihara T, Yoshida M, Arita M. Omega-3 fatty acid-derived mediators that control inflammation and tissue homeostasis. Int Immunol. 2019;31(9):559–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz001.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. 14.

    Vella CA, Allison MA, Cushman M, et al. Physical activity and adiposity-related inflammation: the MESA. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(5):915–21. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001179.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. 15.

    Gonçalves RB, Coletta RD, Silvério KG, et al. Impact of smoking on inflammation: overview of molecular mechanisms. Inflamm Res. 2011;60(5):409–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0308-7.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. 16.

    Majd M, Saunders EFH, Engeland CG. Inflammation and the dimensions of depression: a review. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2019;56:100800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. 17.

    Smiley A, Wolter S, Nissan D. Mechanisms of association of sleep and metabolic syndrome; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  18. 18.

    Smiley A, King D, Harezlak J, Dinh P, Bidulescu A. The association between sleep duration and lipid profiles: the NHANES 2013–2014. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2018;8:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  19. 19.

    Smiley A, King D, Bidulescu A. The association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: The NHANES 2013/2014. Nutrients. 2019;11(11):2582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112582.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. 20.

    Smiley A, Ramos WD, Elliott LM, Wolter SA. Association between trail use and self-rated wellness and health. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8273-0.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. 21.

    Bodur H, Borman P, Ozdemir Y, Atan C, Kural G. Quality of life and life satisfaction in patients with Behçet’s disease: relationship with disease activity. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25(3):329–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-005-0046-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. 22.

    Senusi AA, Ola D, Mather J, Mather J, Fortune F. Behçet’s syndrome and health-related quality of life: influence of symptoms, lifestyle and employment status. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35 Suppl 108(6):43–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. 23.

    Evcik D, Dogan SK, Ay S, et al. Does Behcet’s disease associate with neuropathic pain syndrome and impaired well-being? Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(1):33–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-012-2086-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. 24.

    Koca I, Savas E, Ozturk ZA, et al. The relationship between disease activity and depression and sleep quality in Behçet’s disease patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34(7):1259–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2632-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. 25.

    Lee J, Kim S-S, Jeong H-J, et al. Association of sleep quality in Behcet disease with disease activity, depression, and quality of life in Korean population. Korean J Intern Med. 2017;32(2):352–9. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.367.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. 26.

    Tascilar NF, Tekin NS, Ankarali H, et al. Sleep disorders in Behçet’s disease, and their relationship with fatigue and quality of life. J Sleep Res. 2012;21(3):281–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00976.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. 27.

    Uygunoğlu U, Benbir G, Saip S, Kaynak H, Siva A. A polysomnographic and clinical study of sleep disorders in patients with Behçet and neuro-Behçet syndrome. Eur Neurol. 2014;71(3–4):115–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. 28.

    Yazmalar L, Batmaz İ, Sarıyıldız MA, et al. Sleep quality in patients with Behçet’s disease. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017;20(12):2062–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12459.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. 29.

    Melikoglu MA, Melikoglu M. The relationship between disease activity and depression in patients with Behcet disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2010;30(7):941–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-1080-7.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. 30.

    Özer HTE, Günesaçar R, Dinkçi S, Özbalkan Z, Yildiz F, Erken E. The impact of smoking on clinical features of Behçet’s disease patients with glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30(3 Suppl 72):S14–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. 31.

    Shahram F, Khabbazi A, Nadji A, Ziaie N, Banihashemi AT, Davatchi F. Comparison of existing disease activity indices in the follow-up of patients with Behçet’s disease. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(5):536–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-009-0191-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. 32.

    Natale V, Fabbri M, Tonetti L, Martoni M. Psychometric goodness of the mini sleep questionnaire. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014;68(7):568–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12161.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. 33.

    Kapteyn A, Lee J, Tassot C, Vonkova H, Zamarro G. Dimensions of subjective well-being. Soc Indic Res. 2015;123(3):625–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0753-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. 34.

    Inc G. Fast food still major part of U.S. Diet. Gallup.com. 2013. Accessed December 17, 2019. https://news.gallup.com/poll/163868/fast-food-major-part-diet.aspx.

    Google Scholar 

  35. 35.

    Karageorghis CI, Vencato MM, Chatzisarantis NLD, Carron AV. Development and initial validation of the Brunel lifestyle physical activity questionnaire. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(5):e23. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2004.014258.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. 36.

    Steptoe A, Wardle J, Lipsey Z, et al. A longitudinal study of work load and variations in psychological well-being, cortisol, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Ann Behav Med. 1998;20(2):84–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02884453.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. 37.

    DeSalvo KB, Bloser N, Reynolds K, He J, Muntner P. Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(3):267–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. 38.

    Ospanova T, Lesovoy V, Zaozerskaya N, Chernykova A, Sorokina I, Myroshnychenko M. Quality of life in patients with chronic diseases; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  39. 39.

    Tóthová V, Bártlová S, Dolák F, et al. Quality of life in patients with chronic diseases. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2014;35(Suppl 1):11–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. 40.

    Atas N, Varan O, Babaoglu H, et al. Work productivity in patients with Behçet disease and its association with disease activity and quality of life. Br J Occup Ther. 2019;82(6):376–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022619834184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. 41.

    Smiley, A. Association of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome/metabolic syndrome components among participants in JHS and the REGARDS. 2019. https://search.proquest.com/openview/e260e1515bc14ed21799c895f9b44aa5/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.

    Google Scholar 

  42. 42.

    Esmaeili A, Masjedi M, Ani A, et al. New insights of anti-depressant therapy in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC). Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. 43.

    Alibaz-Oner F, Aldag B, Aldag M, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome and venous disease-specific quality of life in patients with vascular Behçet’s disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016;4(3):301–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.01.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. 44.

    Melikoğlu M, Melikoglu MA. What affects the quality of life in patients with Behcet’s disease? Acta Reumatol Port. 2014;39(1):46–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. 45.

    Mumcu G, Niazi S, Stewart J, et al. Oral health and related quality of life status in patients from UK and Turkey: a comparative study in Behcet’s disease. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38(5):406–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00752.x.

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. 46.

    Uğuz F, Dursun R, Kaya N, Cilli AS. Quality of life in patients with Behçet’s disease: the impact of major depression. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2007;29(1):21–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.10.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. 47.

    Khabbazi A, Ebrahimzadeh Attari V, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Malek Mahdavi A. Quality of life in patients with Behçet disease and its relation with clinical symptoms and disease activity. Reumatol Clin. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2019.03.002.

  48. 48.

    Güler T, Aslan NÇ, Garip Y, Dörtbaş F, Karci AA. Disease activity in Turkish patients with Behçet’s disease: association with fatigue, psychological status and quality of life. Turk Klin J Med Sci. 2017;37(3):130–5. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2017-56200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not Applicable.

Funding

This study received no supporting funds.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research Development Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Maryam Masoumi, Reihane Tabaraii & Mansoureh Shakeri

  2. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Shakiba

  3. Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

    Abbas Smiley

  4. Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA

    Abbas Smiley

Authors
  1. Maryam Masoumi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Reihane Tabaraii
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saeed Shakiba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mansoureh Shakeri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abbas Smiley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed in designing the study. MM wrote the primary draft of proposal and all authors contributed in preparing the final draft. MM, RT, SS and MS executed the actual research and data collection. AS conducted the primary data analysis and all authors contributed to finalize it. AS and MM prepared the primary draft of article and all other authors helped in finalizing the manuscript. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abbas Smiley.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The Ethics Committee at Qom University of Medical Sciences approved the study and protocol data collection. All subjects provided written consent to participate in the study.

Consent for publication

This manuscript has no individual personal data.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Masoumi, M., Tabaraii, R., Shakiba, S. et al. Association of lifestyle elements with self-rated wellness and health status in patients with Behcet’s disease. BMC Rheumatol 4, 49 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-020-00148-1

Download citation

Keywords

  • Behcet’s disease
  • Sleep
  • Lifestyle
  • Self-rated wellness and health

BMC Rheumatology

ISSN: 2520-1026

Contact us