World Health Organization: Cardiovascular diseases. The problem. https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/fact_sheet_cardiovascular_en.pdf. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
World Health Organization: Preventing cancer. http://www.who.int/activities/preventing-cancer. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
World Health Organization: Diabetes. Key facts. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
Lelong H, Blacher J, Baudry J, Adriouch S, Galan P, Fezeu L, et al. Combination of healthy lifestyle factors on the risk of hypertension in a large cohort of French adults. Nutrients. 2019;11:1687.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lacombe J, Armstrong MEG, Wright FL, Foster C. The impact of physical activity and an additional behavioural risk factor on cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:900.
Article
Google Scholar
Petersen KE, Johnsen NF, Olsen A, Albieri V, Olsen LK, Dragsted LO, et al. The combined impact of adherence to five lifestyle factors on all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study among Danish men and women. Br J Nutr. 2015;113:849–58.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Myers J, McAuley P, Lavie CJ, Despres JP, Arena R, Kokkinos P. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as major markers of cardiovascular risk: their independent and interwoven importance to health status. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;57:306–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Ross R, Blair SN, Arena R, Church TS, Despres JP, Franklin BA, et al. Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: a case for fitness as a clinical vital sign: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134:e653–99.
Article
Google Scholar
Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin E. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2019;11:1652.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bremander A, Petersson IF, Bergman S, Englund M. Population-based estimates of common comorbidities and cardiovascular disease in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63:550–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Ogdie A, Yu Y, Haynes K, Love TJ, Maliha S, Jiang Y, et al. Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:326–32.
Article
Google Scholar
Bengtsson K, Forsblad-d’Elia H, Lie E, Klingberg E, Dehlin M, Exarchou S, et al. Risk of cardiac rhythm disturbances and aortic regurgitation in different spondyloarthritis subtypes in comparison with general population: a register-based study from Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:541–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Castaneda S, Nurmohamed MT, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Cardiovascular disease in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2016;30:851–69.
Article
Google Scholar
Eder L, Wu Y, Chandran V, Cook R, Gladman DD. Incidence and predictors for cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:1680–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:777–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(1):25–31. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.133645.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Agca R, Heslinga SC, Rollefstad S, Heslinga M, McInnes IB, Peters MJ, et al. EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:17–28.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fabre S, Molto A, Dadoun S, Rein C, Hudry C, Kreis S, et al. Physical activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study of 203 patients. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:1711–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Haglund E, Bergman S, Petersson IF, Jacobsson LT, Strombeck B, Bremander A. Differences in physical activity patterns in patients with spondylarthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64:1886–94.
Article
Google Scholar
World Health Organization: Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Technical Report Series, No 854:329. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/37003/WHO_TRS_854.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
Maas F, Arends S, van der Veer E, Wink F, Efde M, Bootsma H, et al. Obesity is common in axial spondyloarthritis and is associated with poor clinical outcome. J Rheumatol. 2016;43:383–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jafri K, Bartels CM, Shin D, Gelfand JM, Ogdie A. Incidence and management of cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69:51–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Hojgaard P, Glintborg B, Kristensen LE, Gudbjornsson B, Love TJ, Dreyer L. The influence of obesity on response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis: results from the DANBIO and ICEBIO registries. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:2191–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Chung HY, Machado P, van der Heijde D, D’Agostino MA, Dougados M. Smokers in early axial spondyloarthritis have earlier disease onset, more disease activity, inflammation and damage, and poorer function and health-related quality of life: results from the DESIR cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:809–16.
Article
Google Scholar
Bremander A, Jacobsson LT, Bergman S, Haglund E, Lofvendahl S, Petersson IF. Smoking is associated with a worse self-reported health status in patients with psoriatic arthritis: data from a Swedish population-based cohort. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:579–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Haroon M, Gallagher P, Heffernan E, FitzGerald O. High prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of insulin resistance in psoriatic arthritis is associated with the severity of underlying disease. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1357–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Gremese E, Bernardi S, Bonazza S, Nowik M, Peluso G, Massara A, et al. Body weight, gender and response to TNF-alpha blockers in axial spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:875–81.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mogard E, Bremander A, Lindqvist E, Bergman S. Prevalence of chronic widespread pain in a population-based cohort of patients with spondyloarthritis—a cross-sectional study. BMC Rheumatol. 2018;2:1–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Haglund E, Bremander AB, Petersson IF, Strombeck B, Bergman S, Jacobsson LT, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:943–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
The IPAQ group. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)—short and long forms. http://www.ipaq.ki.se. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
Ekelund U, Sepp H, Brage S, Becker W, Jakes R, Hennings M, et al. Criterion-related validity of the last 7-day, short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Swedish adults. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9:258–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Socialstyrelsen. Frågor om dina levnadsvanor. https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepointdokument/dokument-webb/nationella-riktlinjer/levnadsvanor-fragor-om-levnadsvanor.pdf. Accessed 15 Feb 2022.
Rausch Osthoff AK, Niedermann K, Braun J, Adams J, Brodin N, Dagfinrud H, et al. 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:1251–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Hurst NP, Jobanputra P, Hunter M, Lambert M, Lochhead A, Brown H. Validity of Euroqol–a generic health status instrument–in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Economic and Health Outcomes Research Group. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:655–62.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, Whitelock H, Gaisford P, Calin A. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:2286–91.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calin A, Garrett S, Whitelock H, Kennedy LG, O’Hea J, Mallorie P, et al. A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:2281–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:361–70.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Socialstyrelsen. Nationella riktlinjer för prevention och behandling vid ohälsosamma levnadsvanor. Stöd för styrning och ledning. https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepointdokument/artikelkatalog/nationella-riktlinjer/2018-6-24.pdf. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
Karstensen JK, Primdahl J, Andersson MLE, Christensen JR, Bremander A. Lifestyle factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-a cross-sectional study on two Scandinavian cohorts. Clin Rheumatol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05905-2.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Svensk Reumatologisk Förening: Kardiovaskulär primärprevention vid inflammatorisk reumatisk sjukdom. https://svenskreumatologi.se/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/sammanfattning-av-bakgrundsdokumentation-primarprevention-avseende-kardiovaskular-sjukdom.pdf. Accessed 9 Dec 2021.
Atallah N, Adjibade M, Lelong H, Hercberg S, Galan P, Assmann KE, et al. How healthy lifestyle factors at midlife relate to healthy aging. Nutrients. 2018;10:854.
Article
Google Scholar
Gossec L, Berenbaum F, Chauvin P, Hudry C, Cukierman G, de Chalus T, et al. Development and application of a questionnaire to assess patient beliefs in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37:2649–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Edelaar L, Nikiphorou E, Fragoulis GE, Iagnocco A, Haines C, Bakkers M, et al. 2019 EULAR recommendations for the generic core competences of health professionals in rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:53–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Barry VW, Baruth M, Beets MW, Durstine JL, Liu J, Blair SN. Fitness vs. fatness on all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56:382–90.
Article
Google Scholar
Ekelund U, Brown WJ, Steene-Johannessen J, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, et al. Do the associations of sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer mortality differ by physical activity level? A systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis of data from 850 060 participants. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:886–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Malm K, Bremander A, Arvidsson B, Andersson ML, Bergman S, Larsson I. The influence of lifestyle habits on quality of life in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis-a constant balancing between ideality and reality. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-Being. 2016;11:30534.
Article
Google Scholar
Malm K, Bergman S, Bremander A, Larsson I, Andersson MLE, group Bs. Discussions of lifestyle habits as an integral part of care management: a cross-sectional cohort study in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis in Sweden. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2019;3:rkz039.
Article
Google Scholar
Sinnathurai P, Capon A, Buchbinder R, Chand V, Henderson L, Lassere M, et al. Cardiovascular risk management in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis: online survey results from a national cohort study. BMC Rheumatol. 2018;2:25.
Article
Google Scholar
Timmis A, Lenman M, Castagno S, Mmesi J, Tennekone D, Abraham S. Knowledgebase and lifestyle choices in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2016;43:251–2.
Article
Google Scholar
Hilberdink B, Vlieland TV, van der Giesen F, van Gaalen F, Goekoop R, Peeters A, et al. Adequately dosed aerobic physical activity in people with axial spondyloarthritis: associations with physical therapy. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40:1519–28.
Article
Google Scholar